Indias government was the top offender when it came to shutdowns, with 109 instances last year.
Shutdowns happen most often around elections and civil unrest.
There were 213 shutdowns in 2019 alone, although the number dropped to 155 in 2020 during the pandemic.
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During the first half of 2021, there were 50 shutdowns in 21 countries.
About 93% of Egyptian networks were blocked for five days.
Shutdowns and limitations also impact the ability of citizens to get accurate information.
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The shutdowns have an economic impact, as well.
The repercussions of Internet shutdowns are far-reaching, Olmstead said.
“But with a smartphone, anyone anywhere can have their voice heard.”
“They cannot just shut down Twitter or Instagram,” he said.
“They cannot take over just Facebook or YouTube.
They cannot even take over the Internet.
